Independent films are normally produced by small production companies outside of the major studios. Most independent film companies are distributed by subsidiaries of the major studies such as; 20th Century Fox or Disney. For a film to be known as an independent film they must have less than half of funding from the major studios. Most independent films may also get funding from investors which will invest into the film. For independent films to get out to the public they must have a well known distributor which may buy the rights off the company and publish the film to the public. For example; if a independent film had a well known star included in the film, it makes it easier for the production company for when it comes to the distribution stage because distributors will buy into the film if their is a star which is easily recognisable to the audience. This is because the distributors know there is more chance of making more money as the audience will watch the film if they like the star or a fan of them. Some independent films that don't include stars may get their distributors from entering film festivals and most of the time they will distribute you if you have won a film festival. For example; Sundance is a well known film festival. By having an film festival award in your film distributors will notice your film and buy the rights to all three stages of the film because the film won the film festival and must of become quite successful to the audiences at the film festivals. The advantage to this type of funding is that there is more chance of your film being more successful as you will be paid a bigger amount upfront for the rights of all stages of your film. These are normally bought by small major studios. The disadvantage to this type of funding/distribution is that the money you have been paid by the distributors for the film is all you will receive and won't receive any of the profit made. This is because they have sold the rights to the distributors. Here are some of the most popular independent films; Warner Independent Pictures, Paramount Classics, Think Film and Sony Pictures Classics. For example; Shifty would be known as an independent film because it was produced by an independent company in the United Kingdom. Even though Shifty was produced by three production companies in the UK it still makes it an independent film company because the film was originally produced by an independent company but some of the rights would of been sold to larger companies in the UK to distribute the film. Shifty won the best screenplay award at the Stockholm Film Festival in 2009.
International Co-Productions is when different production companies from different countries all work on the same project/film. Most films that are made out of one country such as; United Sates or United Kingdom are classed as international co-productions. All of the international co-productions normally open new audiences/markets for the film. This is because there are many different production companies from different countries which would be well known in their countries which makes the audiences from each country want to watch that film. This increases the output of the production such as; profit. Before two production companies from different countries go ahead and start the stages of making a film they will sign agreements between each of the countries. This is agreeing that the co-production will use each others countries economics, cultural and diplomatic goals. By signing this agreement also lets the production take place filming in all of the countries that have signed the agreement but must involve their culture and environment. There are also many advantages and disadvantages of a film being known as an international co-production. The advantages to being a international co-production are that you can share the budget and financial resources between each production company, more location opportunities in each company agreed to this co-production, the use of different cultural benefits, access to the partners audiences from their country and the chance to learn from the other production companies. The disadvantages to being a international co-production are that are more shooting costs, more costs of dealing with the government from the different countries, haven't got full control over the production stage as you are working with another production company and the other production company are taking it as a big opportunity to make their name bigger in other countries. International co-production films are normally funded by the different countries that are working together to produce this film. The profit made on these films are normally halved between the two production companies. For example; the film World War Z would be known as an international co-productions film because this film was produced by eight different production companies from different countries such as; Paramount Pictures, Sky dance Productions, Hemisphere Media Capital, GK Films, Plan B Entertainment, 2DUX, Apparatus Productions and Latina Pictures. World War Z could also be known as an international co-production film because it was distributed by many different distributors around the world from American and many different countries in Europe. These different companies distributed the film in different ways such as; cinema and DVD's. All the distributors distributed the film in cinemas and on DVD's in their countries, this is what makes World War Z a international co-production film.
Developing countries is when cinema is known as Third Cinema which is films mainly from Africa, Asia and Latin America. There is also another two types of cinema which are; first referred to Hollywood movies and second cinema is refered as the European Art House. The content and narrative of developing countries films are normally to do with politics in their countries. The third cinema was founded in the 1960's which produces low buget movies. This was founded by a group of Latin American filmmakers. Third Cinema in Africa made films on the countries independence and culture this started looking at the African tribes but then moved onto making films about Nigeria's upper class such as; business men and women, this is known as Nollywood. Most Nollywood films are produced very quickly sometimes less than two weeks with a low budget of £15,000. Nollywood films are normally sold on video CD's not in cinemas, this is because they are very cheap to sell to the audiences, where as Hollywood, British films and Bollywood normally distribute their films in the cinema's. As these films are sold on video CD's means they can sell them a lot cheaper, so poor areas can watch the Nollywood films. Even though developing countries don't make high budget films they still include stars which are quite famous in Nigeria and they also include a lot of the famous local songs. Nollywood films are normally funded by Nigerian investors which will invest small amounts of money for them to create a film. For example; some of the Nollywood directors are trying to produce Hollywood styled films and move away from producing similar Nollywood narratives. This would be very hard for them because they will need more investors to invest more money into the films because they will need a higher budget to make different style of films such as; Hollywood styles.
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